Household This is a normal step for a young man planning a business career and contrasts with his counterpart in Britain who is studying arts subjects, intended to educate him generally, or technical subjects, such as engin earing, intended to qualify him in the practice of a profession. To look briefly at the organization of management training within the individual American firm, there has crystallized out of all the debate and experiment in the last decade a general pattern of the Executive Development Programme, a pattern which is becoming now so widely accepted that a common terminology and methodology are emerging. This pattern embraces the whole range of management succession, from first recruitment to the appointment of chief executive, in the following stages : Organization review preparation of charts showing all present management positions, combined with any changes anticipated in coming years Job descriptions statement of the management responsibilities belonging to each management position Management 'inventory' summary of all managers or potential managers, with details of age, experience, and potential for advancement, with forecast of losses due to retirements and other wastage Annual appraisals an assessment of each member of the staff by his superior, reviewing his performance on the job, his strength and weaknesses, and the plans that should be made for his future development and improvement Appraisal interview discussion between the man appraised and his superior, so that the man may know where he stands and may contribute to the plans for his development Development training by means of training courses, job rotation, cross posting, or simply by intelligent guidance from his superior Followup to check that such training or experience had been provided Recruitment as required to fill management positions in the future, with due allowance for wastage These executive development programmes are often extremely thorough and carefully detailed. In a large organization it needs a large staff to administer; in one motor corporation, for example, there are forty 'coordinators' responsible for administering the programme and assisting managers to make their appraisals. In Britain a few of the larger organizations have introduced schemes of this nature, but they are not a familiar and accepted part of management life as they are in America. At Ashridge, near London, some useful work in the provision of monthlong executive development courses is being done. A striking feature of some American programmes is the participation of the psychologist. There is considerable use and experimentation in psychoanalytical techniques for the appraisal of personality and motivation, not only in the initial recruitment of staff but also in the periodic appraisals of experienced managers and in the 'diagnostic study' of their relations with and adjustment to their environment. to buy a house