interior Planning This has produced a higher standard of living for the masses and, in consequence, a readjustment of the social scale : though there is still a long way to go, the gap between the 'haves' and the 'havenots' is narrowing. But as this economic development has taken place so has there been a rise in the degree of government involvement in the normal course of business events. Governments are no longer able to stand aside and simply govern. Two factors above all the others have underpinned government authority : defence, and, especially in Britain, the growth of the doctrine of full and stable employment. The economic consequence of these factors must be briefly summarized; a realistic (if that is the word) defence programme has meant State influence in questions both of the production and the spread of wealth; so far as social aims are concerned and especially full and stable employment governments are becoming more and more committed to legislation which fixes the framework of economic activity. Taxation, international negotiations and agreements, controls of exchange rates, attention to areas of underemploy ment all those purely governmental responsibilities when related to the giddy pace of technological progress and the resultant growth of wealth have led to social changes of immense importance. In the main, populations everywhere are growing, are better fed, and live more comfortably : this is not to say that there are not still great areas of substandard, nearsubsistence living, but even in Africa and South East Asia, the drift towards the towns is surely an expression of mankind's discovery of the, sometimes dubious, joys of communal living, shared security, and material prosperity. It follows that more sophisticated communities, anxious to consolidate this newlywon improvement in standards of living, are susceptible to all kinds of organizations which will protect their situations. Trade unions, trade associations, economicallytied groups these are direct results of the social changes which on the one hand bring with them an overdue recognition of the principles of social justice but, on the other, place an even greater responsibility on the shoulders of leaders, in all fields of activity, to ensure that a preoccupation with security and prosperity will not result in even greater insecurity and ultimate extinction. Not very long ago a leading industrialist, examining the rate of the development of management within the broad context of human problems of industry, analysed the reasons for the acceleration in pace as : First the intense pressure for greater production arising initially from postwar demands and the need to reestablish national balanced economics : these were followed by demands that are growing all over the world for better naterial standards of living. Secondly, the acceleration of technological development which is often called a second Industrial Revolution, and the increase in size and complexity of industrial organizations which accompanies it. homemoney to purchasehow